St. Anne's Church in the Lower Castle is known since the 14th century. It stood at the foot of Gediminas Hill and belonged to the Franciscans. Sigismund II Augustus, who brought the remains of Barbora Radvilaite from Krakow to Vilnius, decided to build a church, and dedicate it to his family mausoleum. After demolishing the old St. Anna's church to its foundations, a larger St. Anna and St. Barbora's Church was started to build. The construction of it took more than 20 years. Since it was not finished Sigismund II Augustus instructed in his will to complete the church and transfer the remains of the queen Elizabeth of Austria and Barbora Radvilaite from Vilnius Cathedral to this church.
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